What is Nifty 50?

What is NIFTY?

NIFTY is a market index introduced by the National Stock Exchange. It is a blended word – National Stock Exchange and Fifty coined by NSE on 21st April 1996. NIFTY 50 is a benchmark based index and also the flagship of NSE, which showcases the top 50 equity stocks traded in the stock exchange out of a total of 1600 stocks.

These stocks span across 12 sectors of the Indian economy which include – information technology, financial services, consumer goods, entertainment and media, financial services, metals, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, cement and its products, automobiles, pesticides and fertilizers, energy, and other services.

NIFTY is one of the two national indices, the other being SENSEX, a product of the Bombay Stock Exchange. It is owned by the India Index Services and Products (IISL), which is a fully-owned subsidiary of the National Stock Exchange Strategic Investment Corporation Limited.

NIFTY 50 follows the trends and patterns of blue-chip companies, i.e. the most liquid and largest Indian securities.

NIFTY contains a host of indices – NIFTY 50, NIFTY IT, NIFTY Bank, and NIFTY Next 50; and is a part of the Futures and Options (F&O) segment of NSE which deals in derivatives.

Eligibility Criteria for NIFTY Index Listing?

The eligibility criteria for getting listed on the NIFTY Index are mentioned below –

• The company must be a domicile of India and registered with the National Stock Exchange.

• Stocks must possess high liquidity, which is measured by their average impact cost. It is the cost of security transaction execution in relation to the index weight as reckoned through market capitalisation. It should be 0.50% or lower than that for a period of 6 months while 90% of the observations are made on a portfolio of Rs. 10 Crore.

• The company should have a trading frequency of 100% during the previous six months.

• It should have an average free-floating market capitalisation, which is 1.5 times higher than the smallest constituent in the index.

• Shares which have Differential Voting Rights or DVR are also eligible for the index.

The NIFTY Index is reconstituted every six months and considers the performance of a stock over such period. Depending on this performance, and given that a company and its stock fulfils all the eligibility criteria mentioned above, the list might include or eliminate new/old stocks respectively. In case any new additions and eliminations are done, the companies in question are informed through a notice four weeks before reconstitution.

Apart from a periodical routine, reconstitution can also be undertaken in case a company goes through a scheme of arrangements for events involving suspension, spin-off, merger and compulsory delisting.

How is NIFTY for Share Market Calculated?

The NIFTY share index is managed by a team of professionals at the NSE Indices Limited. It formed an Index Advisory Committee that offers its expertise and guidance on large-scale issues pertinent to equity indices.

NIFTY 50 indices are computed based on a float-adjusted and market capitalisation weighted method. In this method, the level of index demonstrates the aggregate market value of stocks present in the index in a specific base period. Such a base period for a NIFTY 50 index is 3rd November 1995 where the base value of the index is considered 1000 and its base capital stands at Rs. 2.06 Trillion.

The formula for calculating price index is listed below –

Index value = Current MV or market value / (Base Market Capital * 1000)

The methodology involved in the calculation of indices also considers changes in corporate actions, which for instance comprise of rights issuance, stock splits, etc.

The NIFTY share market index is a benchmark standard against which all equity markets in India are measured. Therefore, NSE conducts regular index maintenance to ensure that it remains stable and persists as the benchmark in the Indian stock market context.